Complicaciones perinatales asociadas con la ganancia excesiva de peso durante el embarazo / Perinatal outcomes associated to overweight gain during pregnancy in women at a regional hospital in northwest of Mexico

Resumen OBJETIVO: evaluar la asociación entre la ganancia de peso durante el embarazo y las complicaciones perinatales: enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo, diabetes gestacional, cesárea de urgencia y macrosomía fetal. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio de casos y controles anidados en una cohorte de pacientes que recibieron control prenatal y atención del parto en el Hospital General Regional del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social de Ciudad Obregón, Sonora. Los momios se calcularon según las complicaciones perinatales, el índice de masa corporal pregestacional y la ganancia total de peso durante todo el embarazo. RESULTADOS: se seleccionó una cohorte de seguimiento de 714 pacientes de las que solo se estudió a 426 que, a su vez, se dividieron en dos grupos de 213 cada uno: de casos y controles. En el grupo de casos la frecuencia de obesidad fue de 17.6% (n = 55) y 40.3% (n=126) de sobrepeso. En el grupo control 6.7% (n=21) de obesidad y 50.8% (n=159) en los controles. En comparación con las pacientes con peso pregestacional normal, no se observó riesgo significativo de complicaciones perinatales en las pacientes con sobrepeso previo a la gestación (RM=0.79, IC 95%: 0.57-1.11, p=0.189). En las pacientes con obesidad pregestacional se observó un riesgo significativo (RM=2.63, IC 95%: 1.51- 4.60, p=.001). CONCLUSIONES: la ganancia de peso a lo largo del embarazo, superior a la recomendada, es un factor riesgo significativo de complicaciones perinatales, independiente del peso previo a la gestación.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between weight gain during pregnancy and perinatal complications: hypertensive pregnancy disease, gestational diabetes, emergency cesarean section and fetal macrosomia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nested case-control study in a cohort of patients who received prenatal care and delivery care at the Regional General Hospital of the Mexican Social Security Institute of Ciudad Obregon, Sonora. The odds were calculated according to perinatal complications, pregestational body mass index and total weight gain throughout pregnancy. RESULTS: A follow-up cohort of 714 patients was selected, of whom only 426 were studied, which in turn were divided into two groups of 213 each: cases and controls. In the group of cases the frequency of obesity was 17.6% (n=55) and 40.3% (n=126) of overweight. In the control group 6.7% (n=21) of obesity and 50.8% (n=159) in controls. Compared with patients with normal pregestational weight, no significant risk of perinatal complications was observed in pre-gestational overweight (OR=0.79, CI 95%: 0.57-1.11, p=0.189). A significant risk was observed in patients with pregestational obesity (OR=2.63, CI 95%: 1.51- 4.60, p=.001). CONCLUSIONS: Weight gain during pregnancy, higher than recommended, is a significant risk factor for perinatal complications, independent of pre-gestational weight.

Protocolo clínico para inducción del trabajo de parto: propuesta de consenso / Clinical protocol for labor induction: consensus proposal

Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: la inducción del trabajo de parto es un procedimiento que se indica cuando existe riesgo de continuar el embarazo, en lugar de interrumpirlo. Esta maniobra enfrenta nuevas presiones, por lo que es necesario mantener actualizado el conocimiento sobre su indicación. En los últimos años se han desarrollado protocolos clínicos de mayor eficacia y seguridad, que han hecho más accesible este procedimiento. OBJETIVO: emitir un consenso actualizado y analizar los diferentes aspectos de la práctica cotidiana relacionada con la inducción del trabajo de parto. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: se integró un grupo de especialistas de trece instituciones nacionales para analizar diferentes aspectos de la práctica cotidiana de la inducción del trabajo de parto. Se siguió una metodología tipo Delphi de cuatro etapas, con bibliografía de normas clínicas internacionales de apoyo. CONCLUSIONES: la inducción del trabajo de parto considera los siguientes criterios: establecer con certeza que el procedimiento ofrece el mejor desenlace para la madre y el feto, confirmar la edad gestacional, realizar la evaluación obstétrica completa y contar con infraestructura para enfrentar las posibles complicaciones. Existen diferentes opciones para la inducción del trabajo de parto; sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha generalizado la prescripción de análogos de prostaglandinas (misoprostol) en todo el mundo. El especialista debe efectuar la evaluación individualizada de la paciente y el feto, con la finalidad de descartar situaciones que comprometan la salud de ambos. La complicación más común de la inducción del trabajo de parto es la taquisistolia, que puede asociarse con desprendimiento prematuro de placenta, rotura uterina y sufrimiento fetal agudo. Los óvulos vaginales de liberación controlada representan la única opción para retirar el estímulo con dinoprostona o misoprostol ante efectos adversos.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Induction of labor is a maneuver indicated when there is a greater risk of continuing the pregnancy, than interrupting it. The induction of labor faces new pressures that make it necessary for the doctor to be permanently updated. In recent years, clinical protocols of greater efficiency and safety have been developed, which have made this procedure more accessible. OBJECTIVE: To present an updated consensus and to analyze the different aspects related to the labor induction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Delphi-type of consensus was conducted with participation of active obstetricians and gynecologists specialists from thirteen national institutions. Major clinical-oriented topics of induction of labor were addressed. CONCLUSIONS: To induce labor, it is necessary that at least the following situations coexist: to establish with certainty that the procedure offers the best outcome for the mother and her child, to confirm the gestational age, to make a complete obstetric evaluation and to have the infrastructure Necessary to deal with possible complications. There are several options to induce labor, although in recent years the indication of prostaglandin analogues (misoprostol) has become the most common option worldwide. The specialist must make an individualized evaluation of the patient and the fetus, in order to rule out situations that may endanger the health of any of them. The most common complication of labor induction is tachysystole, which can be complicated by premature placental abruption, uterine rupture and acute fetal distress, requiring urgent attention. Controlled-release vaginal ovules are the only option available to withdraw the stimulus with dinoprostone or misoprostol in the presence of adverse effects.

Mola hidatiforme coexistente con feto vivo después de las 20 semanas de gestación: reporte de dos casos / Hydatidiform mole coexisting with a live fetus greater than 20 weeks of gestation: Two cases report

Resumen Antecedentes: el embarazo molar coexistente con un feto vivo es una rareza y un reto médico porque se asocia con complicaciones maternas graves que ponen en riesgo la vida de la madre y su hijo. Casos clínicos: Caso 1: paciente con embarazo gemelar, con mola completa coexistente con feto vivo y terminación del embarazo por cesárea a las 33 semanas, nació una niña viva, de 1530 g, que sobrevivió sin complicaciones. Caso 2: paciente con mola parcial, embarazo complicado con preeclampsia severa, hipertiroidismo y placenta previa. La gestación se interrumpió por cesárea a las 24 semanas, el feto pesó 625 g y no sobrevivió a las maniobras de reanimación neonatal. Conclusiones: en las pacientes con embarazo molar coexistente con feto vivo deben valorarse las complicaciones presentes o potenciales que condicionan el riesgo de muerte materna y perinatal. La atención médica debe ser multidisciplinaria y siempre de común acuerdo con los padres.

Abstract Background: Coexistance of molar pregnancy and alive fetus is an extremely rare condition but a medical challenge when it is present. Several maternal medical complications are associated with these pregnancies including both mother and fetus life-threatening conditions. Clinical case: Two cases of molar pregnancies are presented in this paper. First was a twin pregnancy with a complete hydatidiform coexisting with a live fetus and cesarean birth at 33 weeks of gestation of a live female weighing 1,530 g. that survived without complications. Second case was an incomplete mole complicated with severe pre-eclampsia, hypertiroidism, and placenta previa; pregnancy was interrupted at 24 weeks of gestation and a fetus weighing 625 g was extracted by cesarean section, the neonate did not survive. Conclusion: In the presence of molar pregnancy coexisting with a live viable fetus, the present or potential complications that determine the risk of maternal and perinatal death, must be carefully assessed. A third-level perinatal facilities must be available for this kind of pregnancy complication.

randomized, clinical trial of ketorolac tromethamine vs ketorolac trometamine plus complex B vitamins for cesarean delivery analgesia

Ketorolac is widely used for postoperative analgesia in patients who undergo cesarean delivery. In countries where the use of opioids is considerably restricted, alternatives to narcotics are required. We hypothesize that the addition of complex B synergize the analgesic effect of ketorolac in postoperative cesarean patients, thus requiring a smaller dose of the anti-inflammatory agent, and therefore decreasing the potential side effects of ketorolac. A randomized clinical trial with 100 patients undergoing a primary elective cesarean delivery enrolled in the study. Pain was assessed in the recovery room and then they were randomized to receive ketorolac 30 mg intramuscular [i.m.] or 15 mg of ketorolac plus complex B vitamin [CBV]. The pain score with an analog scale was assessed 1, 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after the baseline. The student's t test was performed to compare the demographic differences between the 2 means.100 patients were included in the study, showing no statistical differences in the demographics. The patient's pain score at 1, 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours showed no statistical differences between the control group [ketorolac 30mg] compared to the group of ketorolac 15mg and complex B vitamins. No changes in the coagulation studies were found in both groups. The present study demonstrates that ketorolac 30 mg and ketorolac 15 mg plus complex B vitamins can provide acceptable analgesia in many patients with severe pain